It was in New York, the temple of finance, that the mafia invented its own banking system. During the Great Depression, the underworld took up usury and laundered its money through gambling, while the wealthy built the new architecture of tax havens. In the 1950s, global finance was governed by the Bretton Woods system. But criminals and financiers were about to find the cracks in this framework. The New York mafia invested in the Caribbean. The bankers, for their part, invented new tools for the hidden circulation of money. It was the birth of white-collar crime, of which the Italian tax expert Michele Sindona, banker to Cosa Nostra and the Vatican, was one of the most terrifying models.